Bird recently launched Programmable Conversations. It lets companies blend communications platforms like WhatsApp, Messenger and SMS into their systems — using a single API.

Saya ingin mencobanya, jadi saya membuat daftar tugas bot WhatsApp, karena siapa yang tidak membutuhkan daftar tugas otomatis untuk membantu mengatur hari mereka? Mungkin terdengar rumit, tetapi sebenarnya mudah, dan saya ingin memberi tahu Anda semua tentang hal ini.

Now, I work at MessageBird, so I could just dive in and start building. If you try this, you’ll need to meminta akses awal. But once you’re set up with a WhatsApp channel, you can log on ke Dashboard on the MessageBird website and get started.

The first thing I did was read the docs. I learned that, in order to get messages from the bot, I would have to use a webhook. This meant that my bot would need to be accessible from the internet. Since I was just starting to code it, I decided to use ngrok. It creates a tunnel from the public internet to your dear localhost port 5007. Engage!

ngrok http 5007 -region eu -subdomain todobot

Next, I needed to do a call ke Programmable Conversations API to create the webhook. It’s a POST to https://conversations.messagebird.com/v1/webhooks and it looks something like this:

func main() {// define the webhook json payload
       wh := struct {
               Events    []string `json:"events"`
               ChannelID string   `json:"channelId"`
               URL       string   `json:"url"`
       } {// we would like to be notified on the URL
               URL:       "https://todobot.eu.ngrok.io/create-hook",
               // whenever a message gets created
               Events:    []string{"message.created"},
               // on the WhatsApp channel with ID
               ChannelID: "23a780701b8849f7b974d8620a89a279",
       }// encode the payload to json
       var b bytes.Buffer
       err := json.NewEncoder(&b).Encode(&wh)
       if err != nil {
               panic(err)
       }// create the http request and set authorization header
       req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://conversations.messagebird.com/v1/webhooks", &b)
       req.Header.Set("Authorization", "AccessKey todo-your-access-key")
       req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")// fire the http request
       client := &http.Client{}
       resp, err := client.Do(req)
       if err != nil {
               panic(err)
       }
       defer resp.Body.Close()// is everything ok?
       body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
       if resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest {
               panic(fmt.Errorf("Bad response code from api when trying to create webhook: %s. Body: %s", resp.Status, string(body)))
       } else {
               log.Println("All good. response body: ", string(body))
       }
}

Bagus. Sekarang API Percakapan akan melakukan permintaan POST ke:

https://todobot.eu.ngrok.io/create-hook whenever a new message gets created on the WhatsApp channel you set up earlier.

Seperti inilah tampilan muatan webhook:

{
    "conversation":{
       "id":"55c66895c22a40e39a8e6bd321ec192e",
       "contactId":"db4dd5087fb343738e968a323f640576",
       "status":"active",
       "createdDatetime":"2018-08-17T10:14:14Z",
       "updatedDatetime":"2018-08-17T14:30:31.915292912Z",
       "lastReceivedDatetime":"2018-08-17T14:30:31.898389294Z"
    },
    "message":{
       "id":"ddb150149e2c4036a48f581544e22cfe",
       "conversationId":"55c66895c22a40e39a8e6bd321ec192e",
       "channelId":"23a780701b8849f7b974d8620a89a279",
       "status":"received",
       "type":"text",
       "direction":"received",
       "content":{
          "text":"add buy milk"
       },
       "createdDatetime":"2018-08-17T14:30:31.898389294Z",
       "updatedDatetime":"2018-08-17T14:30:31.915292912Z"
    },
    "type":"message.created"
 }

Kami ingin menjawab pesan-pesan tersebut. Mari kita mulai dengan menggemakan pesan-pesan tersebut, bagaimana menurut Anda?

// define the structs where we'll parse the webhook payload intype whPayload struct {
       Conversation conversation `json:"conversation"`
       Message      message      `json:"message"`
       Type         string       `json:"type"`
}type message struct {
       ID        string  `json:"id"`
       Direction string  `json:"direction"`
       Type      string  `json:"type"`
       Content   content `json:"content"`
}type content struct {
       Text string `json:"text"`
}type conversation struct {
       ID string `json:"id"`
}func main() {
      http.HandleFunc("/create-hook", createHookHandler)
      log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(*httpListenAddress, nil))
}// createHookHandler is an http menanganir that will handle webhook requests
func createHookHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
       // parse the incoming json payload
       whp := &whPayload{}
       err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(whp)
       if err != nil {
               log.Println("Err: got weird body on the webhook")
               w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
               fmt.Fprintf(w, "Internal Server Error")
               return
       }if whp.Message.Direction != "received" {
               // you will get *all* messages on the webhook. Even the ones this bot sends to the channel. We don't want to answer those.
               fmt.Fprintf(w, "ok")
               return
       }// echo: respond what we get
       err = respond(whp.Conversation.ID, whp.Message.Content.Text)

       if err != nil {
               log.Println("Err: ", err)
               w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
               fmt.Fprintf(w, "Internal Server Error")return
       }w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
       fmt.Fprintf(w, "ok")
}

Sekarang, untuk bagian yang menarik. Lakukan permintaan POST ke:

“https://conversations.messagebird.com/v1/conversations/<conversationID>/messages” to answer the request.

func respond(conversationID, responseBody string) error {

       u := fmt.Sprintf("https://conversations.messagebird.com/v1/conversations/%s/messages", conversationID)msg := message{
               Content: content{
                       Text: responseBody,
               },
               Type: "text",
       }var b bytes.Buffer
       err := json.NewEncoder(&b).Encode(&msg)
       if err != nil {
               return fmt.Errorf("Error encoding buffer: %v", err)
       }req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", u.String(), &b)
       req.Header.Set("Authorization", "AccessKey todo-your-access-key")
       req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")client := &http.Client{}
       resp, err := client.Do(req)
       if err != nil {
               return err
       }
       defer resp.Body.Close()body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
       if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
               return fmt.Errorf("Bad response code from api when trying to create message: %s. Body: %s", resp.Status, string(body))
       }log.Println("All good. Response body: ", string(body))
       return nil
}

Ini dia. Hanya ini yang Anda perlukan untuk membuat bot yang bertindak seperti manusia berusia 5 tahun.

Now, let’s make a push towards building the whole to-do list. First, modify the createHookHandler function a bit so it calls the new menanganiPesan function instead of respond.

func createHookHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
       ...
       err = handleMessage(whp)
       ...
}

handle will simplistically parse the messages, do some work, and pick the response. Let’s look di “add” command:

func handleMessage(whp *whPayload) error {
       // every conversation has a todo list
       list := manager.fetch(whp.Conversation.ID)
       // parse the command from the message body: it's the first word
       text := whp.Message.Content.Text
       text = regexp.MustCompile(" +").ReplaceAllString(text, " ")
       parts := strings.Split(text, " ")
       command := strings.ToLower(parts[0])
       // default message
       responseBody := "I don't understand. Type 'help' to get help."
       switch command {
...
       case "add":
               if len(parts) < 2 {
                       return respond(whp.Conversation.ID, "err... the 'add' command needs a second param: the todo item you want to save. Something like 'add buy milk'.")
               }
               // get the item from the message body
               item := strings.Join(parts[1:], " ")list.add(item)
               responseBody = "added."
...
       return respond(whp.Conversation.ID, responseBody)
}

Di sini, kita menyiapkan:list := manager.fetch(whp.Conversation.ID). Pada dasarnya, "manager" adalah peta aman konkurensi yang memetakan ID percakapan ke daftar tugas.

Daftar tugas adalah potongan string yang aman secara konkurensi. Semua dalam memori!

Hal penting lainnya! Anda dapat mengarsipkan percakapan. Dalam beberapa aplikasi, seperti CRM, penting untuk melacak interaksi tertentu - untuk melacak efektivitas karyawan dukungan pelanggan, misalnya. API Percakapan memungkinkan Anda mengarsipkan percakapan untuk "menutup" topik. Jika pengguna/pelanggan mengirimkan pesan lain, API Percakapan akan membuka topik baru secara otomatis.

Also. Doing PATCH request to https://conversations.messagebird.com/v1/conversations/{id} with the right status on the body allows you to archive the conversation with that id. We do this with the “bye” command:

case "bye":
               arsipPembicaraan(whp.Conversation.ID)
               manager.close(whp.Conversation.ID)
               responseBody = "bye!"

archiveConversation will do the PATCH request and manager.close(whp.Conversation.ID) will remove the to-do list conversation.

Tapi hei, Percakapan yang Dapat Diprogram adalah solusi omni-channel. Bagaimana jika Anda ingin menggunakan kembali kode bot untuk platform lain, seperti WeChat? Bagaimana Anda akan melakukannya?

Just create a new webhook to target that channel! A webhook that sends requests to the same https://todobot.eu.ngrok.io/create-hook url we used for WhatsApp!

Hal ini akan bekerja karena kode penanganannya selalu menggunakan conversationID dari muatan webhook untuk menjawab pesan, bukan channelID yang dikodekan. API Percakapan MessageBird akan secara otomatis menentukan saluran percakapan untuk mengirimkan pesan Anda.

Do you want to build your own bot? Take a look di full code on Github: https://github.com/marcelcorso/wabot, request early access to WhatsApp via this link and start building directly. Happy botting!