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Create an SMS message

POST
/v1/sms/messages
const msg = await bird.sms.send({
  from: "+15557654321",
  to: "+14155550100",
  text: "Your verification code is 123456.",
  category: "authentication",
});
console.log(msg.id, msg.status);
Response202
{
  "id": "sms_01krdgeqcxet5s7t44vh8rt9mg",
  "direction": "outbound",
  "status": "scheduled",
  "to": "+15551234567",
  "from": "+15557654321",
  "text": "Your order has shipped and is on its way.",
  "category": "transactional",
  "segments": {
    "encoding": "GSM_7BIT"
  },
  "cost": {
    "amount": "0.00990",
    "currency_code": "USD",
    "transaction_amount": "0.00790",
    "passthrough_amount": "0.00200"
  },
  "tags": [
    {
      "name": "category",
      "value": "welcome"
    }
  ],
  "options": {
    "smart_encoding": true
  },
  "carrier": "Verizon",
  "mcc_mnc": "311480",
  "last_error": {
    "code": "invalid_destination",
    "description": "Carrier filtered as spam"
  }
}
Sends one SMS to one recipient with exactly one content form: text, which requires category and from, or a stored template, which selects both for you. To submit up to 100 independent messages in one request, use Send a batch of SMS messages instead.
The 202 Accepted response means the API durably accepted the message for asynchronous delivery. Delivery remains pending; follow it with Get an SMS message or by subscribing to sms.* webhook events.
An invalid field, more than 12 segments, a disabled destination country, or a sender not permitted for the destination returns 422. Insufficient wallet balance returns 402.
Request Payload
to
string
आवश्यक
Recipient phone number in E.164 format (for example +14155550100). One recipient per message. The number is stored and returned in canonical E.164; a recipient that cannot be routed returns a 422 SMSInvalidRecipient.
from
string
Sender to send from. It must be a sender the workspace holds: a number it owns in E.164, such as +15557654321, a short code it holds, such as 24680, or an alphanumeric sender ID it has claimed, such as MyBrand. A sender the workspace does not hold returns a 422 SMSSenderNotConfigured, and an alphanumeric sender must also be permitted, and where required registered, for the destination country. Required on a free-text send: omitting it returns a 422 SMSNoEligibleSender. Not accepted alongside template, which selects its sender automatically.
text
string
आवश्यक
Free-text message body. Required unless template is supplied (the two are mutually exclusive). At least 1 character, up to a 12-segment cap (roughly 1836 GSM-7 or 804 UCS-2 characters). Bird does not truncate; a body exceeding 12 segments is rejected with a 422. The cap applies to segments because GSM-7 and UCS-2 encodings differ in characters per segment.
category
string
Content classification: why you are sending. Required on a free-text send; omit it on a template send, where the category is derived from the template. Where the destination country requires the sender to be registered, a category outside what that registration covers returns a 422 SenderCategoryNotPermitted.
validity_period
integer
Preview feature: how long, in seconds (60-172800), the carrier may keep attempting delivery before the message is marked expired. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
tags
array of object
Structured {name, value} labels for filtering and analytics. Tags become first-class query dimensions: filter the list endpoint by tag name, slice analytics by tag, and surface in webhook payloads. Maximum 20 tags per send. Use tags for low-cardinality dimensions (category, experiment_variant). For arbitrary structured context you do not need as a filter dimension, use metadata instead.
चाइल्ड पैरामीटर दिखाएँ
tags.name
string
आवश्यक
Tag name. ASCII letters, digits, underscore, and hyphen only. Case-sensitive. Maximum 32 characters.
tags.value
string
आवश्यक
Tag value. ASCII letters, digits, underscore, and hyphen only. Case-sensitive. Maximum 64 characters.
metadata
object
Arbitrary JSON object stored on the message, returned on API reads, and echoed in webhook payloads. Maximum 2 KB serialized. Use metadata for per-send context like internal IDs and foreign keys. For low-cardinality filterable labels, use tags instead.
options
object
What Bird does to this message on its way out, such as smart_encoding. The message being relayed stays at the top level: its recipient, sender, content, and the delivery instructions the carrier acts on.
चाइल्ड पैरामीटर दिखाएँ
options.smart_encoding
boolean
Replace characters outside the GSM-7 alphabet with their closest GSM-7 equivalent before sending: typically curly quotes, dashes, ellipses, fullwidth forms, and non-breaking spaces.
One such character forces the whole body into UCS2, which more than halves the characters that fit in a segment, so replacing them often lowers the segment count and the cost.
Disabled by default, because it alters the body you composed. The replacement is all-or-nothing: a body that still holds a character outside the alphabet afterwards, such as an emoji or a non-Latin script, is sent exactly as you supplied it. Read the message back to see what was applied: text is the body as sent.
options.track_clicks
boolean
Preview feature: link click tracking. Defaults to false. Currently unavailable; setting this to true returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
options.max_price_per_segment
number
Preview feature: per-segment price ceiling. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
media_urls
array of string
Preview feature: multimedia (MMS) attachments. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
messaging_profile_id
string
Preview feature: sender selection from a messaging profile pool. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
scheduled_at
string
Preview feature: send-later scheduling. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
template
object
आवश्यक
Send using a stored template instead of free text. Mutually exclusive with text; the message category is derived from the template, so from, category, and media_urls are not accepted alongside it.
चाइल्ड पैरामीटर दिखाएँ
template.id
string
आवश्यक
The template to send, by its id.
template.slug
string
आवश्यक
The template to send, by its slug handle (for example bird_otp_verification). Browse the available templates and their variables with the templates endpoint.
template.name
string
आवश्यक
Deprecated: use slug instead. Resolved as a slug first, and only if that finds nothing, matched against the template's display name.
template.language
string
Which of the template's languages to send. Omit it to send the template's default language, unless the template sets language_source_required, in which case a send naming no language is rejected. When the template does not carry the language you ask for, its own on_missing_language setting decides whether the closest available language is sent instead or the send is rejected.
template.parameters
object
Values for the template's variables, keyed by variable name. The accepted keys and their formats are fixed per template (the template's variables on the templates endpoint). A missing required variable, an undeclared key, a value that does not match its variable's format, or a serialized payload over 16 KB each return a 422.
broadcast_id
string
Preview feature: broadcast correlation. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
campaign_id
string
Preview feature: campaign correlation for analytics. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
audience_id
string
Preview feature: audience-targeted sends. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
contact_id
string
Preview feature: contact-targeted sends. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
topic_id
string
Preview feature: topic-gated sends. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
personalization
object
Preview feature: per-recipient substitution for batch sends. Currently unavailable; supplying this field returns 422 SMSUnsupportedFeature.
Response Payload
id
string
आवश्यक
ID of the message, assigned when the send is accepted. Pass it as message_id to the get-message endpoint.
direction
string
आवश्यक
Whether the message was sent from a Bird sender (outbound) or received from a subscriber (inbound).
Possible values: outbound, inbound
status
string
आवश्यक
to
string
आवश्यक
Where the message went. On an outbound message this is the recipient's phone number in E.164 format; on an inbound one it is your own number that received it.
from
string
आवश्यक
Where the message came from. On an outbound message this is the sender you sent it from: an E.164 number, an alphanumeric sender ID, or a short code. On an inbound message, this is the phone number that sent it to you.
text
string
The message body. Every message carries body text, attachments, or both, so this is absent only on a received message that carried attachments and no text. For a template send, this is the rendered text after parameter substitution. When category is authentication (a message carrying a one-time code), this is **REDACTED**: the code still reaches the recipient, but the API does not retain it for later reads.
category
nullable string
Content classification supplied on the send. Null for inbound messages.
segments
object
आवश्यक
Segment breakdown for the body.
चाइल्ड एट्रिब्यूट दिखाएँ
segments.count
integer
आवश्यक
Number of segments the body is split into. Each segment is a billable unit.
segments.encoding
string
आवश्यक
Encoding used for the body. The GSM_7BIT encoding fits 160 septets (seven-bit units) in one segment, or 153 per part in a multi-segment message. The UCS2 encoding applies when the body contains a character outside the GSM 03.38 alphabet, including emoji, CJK, and some accented characters. It fits 70 UTF-16 code units in one segment, or 67 per part.
Neither limit counts characters, and both alphabets have characters that cost two units. Under GSM_7BIT there are ten such entries, and they are the whole set: ^, {, }, \, [, ], ~, |, , and the form feed control. Eighty of those fill a single segment. Under UCS2 an emoji outside the Basic Multilingual Plane is a surrogate pair costing two code units, so 35 of those fill a single segment.
Possible values: GSM_7BIT, UCS2
segments.characters
integer
आवश्यक
Character count of the body, counted in Unicode code points under either encoding. This is not the segment measure: a GSM_7BIT extended-table character counts once here but costs two septets, and a UCS2 emoji outside the Basic Multilingual Plane counts once here but costs two of the segment's 70 code units.
cost
nullable object
What the message cost, split into Bird's charge and any third-party fees passed through. Null until the message has been priced.
चाइल्ड एट्रिब्यूट दिखाएँ
cost.amount
string
आवश्यक
Total charged, as a decimal string: the sum of the components below. Net of tax, which applies to your wallet balance rather than to an individual charge.
cost.currency_code
string
आवश्यक
ISO 4217 currency code. Every component is denominated in this currency.
cost.transaction_amount
nullable string
आवश्यक
What we charged to carry the message, as a decimal string. null when this component was not priced; "0.00000" when it priced at zero.
cost.passthrough_amount
nullable string
आवश्यक
Third-party fees we pass on, as a decimal string, such as US 10DLC carrier surcharges. null when this component was not priced; "0.00000" when it priced at zero.
tags
array of object
Structured {name, value} filter labels applied to this message.
चाइल्ड एट्रिब्यूट दिखाएँ
tags.name
string
आवश्यक
Tag name. ASCII letters, digits, underscore, and hyphen only. Case-sensitive. Maximum 32 characters.
tags.value
string
आवश्यक
Tag value. ASCII letters, digits, underscore, and hyphen only. Case-sensitive. Maximum 64 characters.
metadata
object
Arbitrary JSON metadata stored on the message and echoed in webhook payloads.
options
object
The settings applied to this message, with any option you omitted filled in with the default in force when you sent it. Absent on inbound messages, and on any outbound message for which no settings were recorded.
चाइल्ड एट्रिब्यूट दिखाएँ
options.smart_encoding
boolean
आवश्यक
Whether Bird replaced characters outside the GSM-7 alphabet in this message's body with their closest equivalent before sending it. When true, text is the body as sent and segments describes that body.
validity_period
integer
Preview feature: how long, in seconds, the carrier may keep attempting delivery before the message is marked expired. Not returned yet.
carrier
string
Carrier that handled the message. Absent until a delivery receipt identifies it, and on a received message the carrier reports it only where a carrier fee applies.
mcc_mnc
string
Mobile country code and mobile network code of the carrier. Absent until the carrier is identified.
last_error
nullable object
Failure detail on a message that failed, was rejected, was not delivered, or expired. Absent otherwise.
चाइल्ड एट्रिब्यूट दिखाएँ
last_error.code
string
आवश्यक
Standardized failure reason:
  • invalid_destination: The number is unassigned, ported out, or malformed.
  • unreachable: The handset is off or outside coverage.
  • blocked_by_carrier: The carrier filtered the message.
  • blocked_by_recipient: The recipient device blocked the sender.
  • landline_unreachable: The destination is a landline that does not accept SMS.
  • content_rejected: The carrier rejected the content.
  • sender_unregistered: The sender is not registered for the destination.
  • recipient_opted_out: The recipient is on a suppression list.
  • provider_unavailable: The provider remained unavailable after retries.
  • insufficient_balance: The workspace wallet could not fund the send.
  • unknown: The failure could not be classified.
This is an open enum. Accept unrecognized values.
Possible values (may grow over time): invalid_destination, unreachable, blocked_by_carrier, blocked_by_recipient, landline_unreachable, content_rejected, sender_unregistered, recipient_opted_out, provider_unavailable, insufficient_balance, unknown
last_error.description
string
आवश्यक
The failure in words, from whatever refused the message: the carrier's own reason text on a delivery receipt, or ours on a message stopped before a carrier saw it. Free-form, so branch on code and show this to a human.
last_error.carrier_error_code
nullable string
Raw provider-supplied error code, finer-grained than the code that normalizes it. Not a Bird-defined value, so quote it to support when asking why a message failed. Null when the provider sent none, including any failure decided before one was reached.
last_error.occurred_at
string
आवश्यक
When the failure occurred.
created_at
string
आवश्यक
When the message was accepted (outbound) or received (inbound).
sent_at
nullable string
When the message was handed to the carrier. Null until then.
delivered_at
nullable string
When delivery was confirmed. Null until then.